Energy Storage System（INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL）
Flight Control System: Working Principle and Architecture
Working Principle
Industrial and commercial energy storage system and energy storage power station system are mainly composed of battery system, battery management system (BMS), energy management system (EMS), energy storage converter (PCS) and other electrical equipment.
Energy storage battery is the core component of energy storage system. Different types of batteries have different characteristics and applicability. Currently, lithium based systems are the fastest growing and most widely deployed type, accounting for more than 90% of the market share.
Battery is the key component of battery system; It stores energy for use when needed. The battery is composed of a fixed number of lithium batteries, which are connected in series and parallel within the frame to form a module. The modules are then stacked and combined to form a battery rack. The battery racks can be connected in series or in parallel to achieve the voltage and current required by the battery energy storage system.
The design and configuration of battery pack need to comprehensively consider key parameters such as energy, power, cycle life and cost, so as to ensure its safety, reliability and cost performance.
In the energy storage system, BMS (battery management system) measures the basic parameters of the battery, including voltage, current and temperature. At the same time, it controls the voltage and current of the battery according to the control strategy in the system. At the same time, it makes different strategy adjustments according to the temperature of the battery to prevent overcharge and over discharge of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery.
In addition to monitoring the basic information of the battery, BMS also needs to calculate and analyze the SOC (battery residual capacity) and SOH (battery health status) of the battery according to the relevant information collected from the battery and the algorithm of the system, evaluate the remaining power, service life and remaining service life prediction of the current system, and timely manage the abnormal battery (cut-off, current limit, etc.) and report to the system to ensure the safety and reliability of the battery;
In the field of industrial and commercial energy storage, BMS can not only ensure the stable operation of equipment, but also provide additional power during peak power demand, helping enterprises save costs.
EMS (energy management system) is an important core component of the whole system. EMS accepts the relevant battery information fed back by BMS, makes timely analysis and judgment, feeds back the analyzed control information to BMS, and controls the strategy of the system. The control strategy of EMS plays an important role in the attenuation rate and cycle life of the battery system. The longer the cycle life of the system, the greater the economic benefits it will bring. At the same time, it will timely judge and control the abnormal battery information fed back by BMS, cut off and control the abnormal battery in time, protect the whole energy storage system, and play a key role in the safety of the whole energy storage system.
PCS (power conversation system), also known as bi-directional energy storage inverter, can control the charging and discharging process of storage battery, conduct AC/DC conversion, and directly supply power to AC load without power grid. PCS is composed of dc/ac bidirectional converter, control unit, etc. PCS controller receives the background control command through communication, and controls the converter to charge or discharge the battery according to the symbol and size of the power command, so as to adjust the active power and reactive power of the grid. PCs controller communicates with BMS through can interface to obtain battery pack status information, which can realize the protective charge and discharge of battery and ensure the safe operation of battery.
The application scenarios of industrial and commercial energy storage are mainly divided into three categories, namely, single configuration energy storage, integrated optical storage, microgrid, etc. For factories, industrial parks, charging stations, commercial buildings, data centers, etc., distributed energy storage is just needed.
Zero carbon smart Park + energy storage
There are many equipment in the traditional industrial park, which has the characteristics of high power consumption, long-term high load, and high energy consumption. In order to achieve the goal of carbon reduction, renewable energy in the smart park is widely used, but due to its instability, it will lead to insufficient or excess power supply. At this time, the energy storage system is needed to adjust the supply and demand level. In the "smart Park +energy storage" mode, the energy storage system can collect excess power such as solar energy and wind energy, and then supply it to the grid during the main power consumption time.
The integrated implementation scheme of energy saving, energy storage and charging for commercial complex is a comprehensive solution, including energy saving, energy storage and charging. Reduce the energy consumption of commercial complex by adopting energy-saving technologies and equipment; The distributed new energy power station is installed in the commercial complex, and the electric energy is stored by the energy storage equipment for commercial use, so as to reduce the dependence on traditional energy. In addition, through energy storage equipment, charging piles can also be set up in parking lots, underground garages and other places of commercial entities to provide charging services for new energy vehicles.
With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the demand for charging is also growing at the same time. At present, there is still a huge vacancy in the charging pile Market in China. As a new attempt of green economy, "optical storage and charging integrated charging station" has broad development prospects.
Photovoltaic power generation, high-capacity energy storage batteries, intelligent charging piles and other technologies are integrated in the photovoltaic power storage and charging station. The battery energy storage system is used to absorb low valley power, support fast charging load during peak periods, and provide green power for electric vehicles. At the same time, the photovoltaic power generation system is used to supplement, so as to realize auxiliary service functions such as peak load shifting and valley filling, effectively reduce the load peak valley difference of the fast charging station, and effectively improve the system operation efficiency.
In recent years, the world has made great efforts to develop island construction. These islands are inhabited by a small number of residents, island guarding militia, mobile signal transmission base stations, maritime radar stations and other electrical equipment. In the harsh natural environment, conventional photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation cannot provide stable and reliable power for the islands in this scenario. The off grid smart Island microgrid is installed on this island. The energy management system is used to accurately coordinate and control the conditions of power generation, energy storage and power consumption, and flexibly allocate the connection mode of each user, so as to realize the coordinated control and economic operation of "source、 network 、load 、storage". The off grid smart Island microgrid not only solves the energy consumption problem of the island residents, provides power supply guarantee for the island and marine development and protection, but also provides a technical model for the construction of smart island microgrid.
The ultra-fast recovery diode can be used in PCS system. The ultra-fast recovery diode of SMC has a lower forward conduction voltage drop VF, which can reduce the conduction loss; At the same time, it also has smaller reverse recovery time Trr and lower reverse recovery peak current Irrm, so it has smaller reverse recovery loss, so that the system can have higher system conversion efficiency; If the silicon carbide diode of SMC is used, the reverse recovery loss can be minimized, and the temperature of the switchers（IGBTs or MOSFETs） in the system circuit can be significantly improved. Customers can choose the ultra-fast recovery diode or silicon carbide diode according to their actual needs.
If SiC MOSFET is used in PCS system, it will have the following advantages:
- high operating frequency: the operating frequency of silicon carbide MOSFET is much higher than that of traditional silicon-based MOSFET, which can reach 1MHz or even higher. This feature makes silicon carbide MOSFET perform well in high-frequency working environment, and can significantly reduce the volume of capacitance and inductance in the power supply system, so as to reduce the cost of power supply, realize the miniaturization and aesthetics of power supply, and promote the upgrading of power supply.
- low on impedance: the on impedance of SiC MOSFET is much lower than that of traditional silicon-based MOSFET, and the lowest internal resistance of mass-produced SiC MOSFET in the market can reach 16 milliohms. This feature enables SiC MOSFET to easily meet the energy efficiency requirements, reduce the use of heat sink, reduce the volume and weight of power supply, and improve the reliability and efficiency of power supply.
- High withstand voltage: silicon carbide MOSFET has good withstand voltage performance, which makes it perform well in high-voltage application scenarios and can meet the requirements of higher working voltage.
To sum up, silicon carbide MOSFET shows significant advantages in the field of power electronics through its advantages of high operating frequency, low conduction impedance and high withstand voltage. It is an ideal choice for the upgrading of power electronic equipment in the future
In power management unit, Schottky diode is the best choice for output rectifier diode. Schottky diode has the advantages of low forward conduction voltage drop VF and no reverse recovery loss. It is especially suitable for output rectifier of auxiliary power supply in power management unit. If the output voltage is below 200V, Schottky diode is particularly recommended; If higher output voltage is required, ultra-fast recovery diode is required.
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